Colorectal cancer, traditionally considered a disease of older adults, is increasingly affecting younger individuals. With more cases reported in people under 50, experts are calling for a reevaluation of current screening guidelines. Here’s what you need to know about this growing concern and the importance of early screenings.
Rising Rates of Colorectal Cancer Among Younger People
In recent years, the incidence of colorectal cancer in people under 50 has been on the rise. A striking visual of this trend was presented by the nonprofit organization Fight Colorectal Cancer in Washington DC, where 27,400 blue flags were displayed, each representing the number of people under 50 projected to be diagnosed with the disease by 2030. This is particularly alarming since, as of 2023, colorectal cancer is already the leading cause of cancer deaths in men under 50 and the second leading cause for women in the same age group.
Several high-profile cases have drawn attention to this issue. For example, Chadwick Boseman, the actor best known for his role in Black Panther, passed away from colorectal cancer at the age of 43. His widow, Simone Ledward-Boseman, has since advocated for early screening to prevent more young lives from being lost. “I’ve seen how this disease moves, and I now know how treatable it is when detected early,” she said, emphasizing the importance of early detection.
Factors Contributing to the Rise in Cases
While colorectal cancer has been declining overall in older age groups, there has been a noticeable increase in diagnoses among those under 50. According to a study published in JAMA, one in five new colorectal cancer cases is now diagnosed in individuals under 55. Men are at a higher risk than women, with a 33% higher likelihood of being diagnosed. Additionally, Black and Native American populations are disproportionately affected, which highlights the ongoing issue of healthcare disparities. Dr. Yuying Luo from Mount Sinai points out that systemic inequities and limited access to healthcare are key factors in these disparities.
Lifestyle factors also contribute to the growing rates of colorectal cancer in younger people. Diets high in red and processed meats, sedentary behavior, excessive alcohol consumption, and rising obesity rates are all linked to an increased risk of developing the disease. Chronic inflammation, often associated with obesity, is also a known risk factor for colorectal cancer.
The Importance of Screening and Early Detection
While lifestyle changes play a role in reducing colorectal cancer risk, early screening remains the most effective preventative measure. Regular screening can detect precancerous polyps, which can be removed before they develop into full-blown cancer. The gold-standard screening method is a colonoscopy, where a doctor uses a flexible tube with a camera to look for polyps in the colon and rectum. If polyps are found, they can be removed during the procedure.
For those who are not yet eligible for a colonoscopy, there are other tests available, such as stool-based tests (FIT, gFOBT, and Cologuard), though these are less effective at detecting early-stage polyps. These tests can help catch cancer in its later stages, but their goal is not prevention, but rather early detection of existing cancer.
Should We Be Screening Younger?
Currently, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends that adults begin regular screenings at age 45. However, given the rising number of younger people being diagnosed with colorectal cancer, many are questioning whether this age should be lowered. Some experts, like Dr. John Whyte of WebMD, suggest that we should consider lowering the screening age, though insurance coverage and healthcare access remain significant barriers.
More than simply lowering the screening age, Dr. Luo emphasizes the importance of ensuring that screenings are accessible to everyone, regardless of socioeconomic status. Addressing healthcare disparities will be crucial in preventing the rising tide of colorectal cancer cases.
Conclusion: The Need for Early Action
The growing incidence of colorectal cancer in younger populations is a concerning trend that requires immediate attention. While lifestyle changes and diet adjustments can help reduce the risk, early detection through regular screenings is key to preventing cancer from developing. If you have a family history of colorectal cancer or other risk factors, it is essential to discuss your screening options with your doctor. By starting screenings early and ensuring equal access to preventative care, we can reduce the number of young lives lost to this preventable disease.